![]() ![]() Garces LJ, Hincapie B, Zerger R, Suib SL (2015) The effect of temperature and support on the reduction of cobalt oxide: an in-situ X-ray diffraction study. Peres L, Axet MR, Yi D, Serp P, Soulantica K (2019) Selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde by unsupported and few layer graphene supported platinum concave nanocubes exposing 110 facets stabilized by long-chain amine. Kalz KF, Kraehnert R, Dvoyashkin M, Dittmeyer R, Gläser R, Krewer U, Reuter K, Grunwaldt J-D (2017) Future challenges in heterogeneous catalysis: understanding catalysts under dynamic reaction conditions. Royal Society of Chemistry, London, pp 13–50. In: Spivey JJ, Dooley KM (eds) Catalysis, vol 21. Graphic abstractĮgeblad K, Rass-Hansen J, Marsden CC, Taarning E, Christensen CH (2009) Heterogeneous catalysis for production of value-added chemicals from biomass. The use of functionalized polymer templates thus allows small Co particles to be easily transferred from the template to the RF to give Co xO even when using high-temperature (600 ☌) synthesis conditions. The three polymeric nanospheres and the Co xO y/polymer and Co xO materials were all characterized using SEM, TEM, TGA and FTIR spectroscopy. In contrast, PS- b-PAA gave Co xO with small, highly dispersed Co nanoparticles ( d < 10 nm) at loadings between 5 and 15%. At a nominal Co loading of 5%, the PS template produced Co xO materials that contained small Co particles (6.1 nm) while at higher Co loadings (10%, 15%) large and irregularly shaped Co nanoparticles ( d > 20 nm) were formed. Thermal removal of the templates and annealing of the RF at 600 ☌ for 2 h gave the Co xO materials. The Co xO y nanoparticles were supported on the PS and PS- b-PAA templates (5%, 10% and 15% Co loading), and then the Co xO y/template was coated with resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF). Herein, we report on the preparation of polystyrene (PS) ( d = 350 nm) and asymmetric polystyrene- b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS- b-PAA) nanospheres (8% and 12% PAA loadings d = 274 nm and 343 nm) to make cobalt/polymer complexes. In this study, an approach using functional groups attached to a polymeric support was used to reduce metal agglomeration. Metal particle agglomeration is known to be one of the factors responsible for the reduction in catalytic activity (even selectivity) when metal particles are supported on carbon. ![]()
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